Integration of plant resistance with pest management methods. Also, chemical control, plant extracts, diatomaceous, nanotechnology, physical control, ionizing irradiation, host plant resistance and biological control are the effective methods for the management of cowpea pests in the storage. Rather than finding insects to attack the pests, breeders look for genetic traits or combinations of traits that reduce an organisms susceptibility to attack or injury by its insect pests. Host resistance is important in reducing cost of pest control, may help protect environment by reducing pesticide use, and may help alleviate the onset of pesticide resistance. Impact of host plant health and host plant resistance on aphis glycines hemiptera. Mainly from ferris et al 1992 beyond pesticides biological approaches to management in california, based on material from p. Pesticide productivity, hostplant resistance and productivity in china. Painter 1951 formalized the selection process of plant resistance by. One method of nonchemical pest control in field crops is the development and dissemination of varieties with hostplant resistance. Integrated pest management in the commercial ornamental nursery 1.
The traditional approach to the use of hostplant resistance in integrated pest management involves four steps. Host plant resistance and insect pest management in chickpea. The role of plant resistance as a direct control tactic in insect integrated pest management ipm will be emphasized. Host plant resistance and chemical control of chilo partellus swinhoe and busseola fusca fuller in an integrated pest management system on grain sorghum.
Integrated pest management ipm means the careful consideration of all available pest control techniques and subsequent integration of appropriate measures that discourage the development of pest populations and keep pesticides and other interventions to levels that are. While books on theoretical aspects of hpr are available, an exclusive book on the practical aspects is lacking. Insectresistant crop varieties suppress insect pest abundance or elevate the damage tolerance level of the plants. Host plant resistance may increase pest mortality rates or decrease pest reproduction rates sufficiently to require very little pesticide to maintain pest populations below the economic threshold. Breeding for host plant resistance nc state university. While eggplant production in maryland is rather small, they are grown over the entire state to supply vegetable stands with many varieties. As an integrated pest management tactic, hostplant resistance entails the intentional use of resistant crop varieties, alone or in combination with other tactics, to. Transgenic chickpea plants with cryiia gene have also been developed. This publication summarizes integrated pest management of flea beetles in canola including identification, life cycle, crop damage, trapping, field scouting, economic threshold, cultural control, host plant resistance, biological control, and chemical control. More than 100 species of insects feed on the rice crop, but only about 20.
Ipm combines a wide range of tactics, including biological, chemical and cultural practices, to provide reliable, longterm pest control. Deployment of host plant resistance hpr provides an opportunity to manage these issues in gm cotton systems. Incorporating hostplant resistance into soybean aphid. Singh skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites.
Host plant resistance against herbivorous invertebrate pests is generally defined as the sum of genetically inherited qualities that results in a plant of one cultivar or species being less damaged by a pest arthropod than a susceptible plant lacking these qualities panda and khush, 1995. Legal methods definition pest introductions quarantine phytosanitary certificate pest legislation. A keen appreciation of the types and mechanisms of resistance must be attained in order to fully understand and utilize resistant cultivars as effective tools in todays pest management schemes. Plant resistance to a herbivore results from the expression by the plant of resistancerelated traits that interfere with one or more aspects of the herbivores complex interaction with the plant. Host plant resistance the development of crop cultivars resistant or tolerant to h. Conventional breeding for insect resistance has, in general, lagged behind disease resistance however, there is germplasm with resistance to insectpests, including faw breeding for insectpest resistance requires good knowledge of the biology of the host as well as the pest effectiveness depends upon. Recognizing there are entire courses and books on the subject of plant resistance to crop pests, this lecture will cover only the essential aspects of the topic. Host plant resistance is also generally compatible with biological control. Entomology theses and dissertations entomology iowa state. Keys to the increased use of host plant resistance in. Exploring the impacts of insecticide and host plant resistance for insect pest management, ashley nicole dean. However, when alternative pest management strategies effectively suppress primary pests, they also have the potential to promote secondary pest populations via competitive release.
Resistance to insect pests and diseases should be given as much emphasis as yield to identify new varieties and hybrids for cultivation by the farmers sharma and ortiz, 2002. Despite differences between the rice and water oats populations we find evidence for geneflow, indicating that water oats would be a refuge for resistance management in bt rice. Host plant resistance promotes a secondary pest population. Integrated pest management ipm is a system of protecting crops that meets the requirements of sustainable development by allowing farmers to manage pests in a way that is costeffective, environmentally sound and suitable to adopt under local conditions. Synthetic insecticides, agronomic practices, nuclear polyhedrosis virus, entomopathogenic fungi, bacteria and natural plant products have been evaluated as components of pest management in chickpea. Host plant resistance for cowpea insect pest management. A simple rule was developed at the national centre for integrated pest management, new delhi, to predict the attack of helicoverpa. The role of host plant resistance in insect pest mismanagement.
These detrimental nontarget effects motivate the use of alternative pest management strategies such as host plant resistance and intercropping. Insect pest management in eggplant university of maryland. Host plant resistance hpr to insects is an effective, economical, and environment friendly method of pest control. Abstract host plant resistance as a management tactic involves both the exploitation of intraspecific variation in genetically based plant resistance to breed crop varieties that support lower populations of herbivores or that better tolerate injury by herbivores and the integration of said varieties with other management tactics such as insecticide applications and biological control. Key words vegetables, host plant resistance, integrated pest management.
Whenever possible, eradication, exclusion, host resistance, and protection should be practiced. Host plant resistance and biological control youtube. Synthetic insecticides, agronomic practices, nuclear polyhedrosis virus npv, and natural plant products have been evaluated as components of pest management in chickpea. The ideal ipm component for resource poor farmers is host plant resistance. Plants can sense being touched, and they can use several strategies to defend against damage caused by herbivores. The use of these combined practices usually produce the most reliable and stable plant disease management. Australia, mexico and the usa were the first adopting countries in 1996 and were collectively responsible for growing about 1. This is rellected in the relatively recent release ofseveral insectresistant varieties and breeding. Host plant resistance development of ecourse for b. This often leads to development of insect resistance, environmental. Experimental techniques in hostplant resistance akshay. The use of plant resistance for managing arthropod pests in rice illustrates many aspects of the use of host plant resistance in pest management.
Transcriptome analysis and identification of genes involved in moth sex pheromone biosynthetic pathways, xiaoyi dou. Growers need to integrate as many different management tools as possible for long term success. Integrated pest management of flea beetles in canola. Because of its value growers frequently apply pesticides regularly in order to protect their investment. The following chapters focus on research identifying. Host plant resistance hpr against nematodes rev 103019 sources. Lower concentration of insecticide is sufficient to control insects on resistant variety b. Hostplant resistance in pest management sciencedirect. The broad coverage includes crop plant and insect diversity, mechanisms of insect plant interactions, host plant selection, components of resistance, the biochemical basis for resistance, mechanisms of resistance, factors affecting expression of resistance, screening techniques for resistance, the role of insect. Host plant resistance can play a pivotal role in pest management in grain legumes and resistance to insect pests should be one. Host resistance used more for plant disease and nematode management because pesticides not so readily available or effective. Resistance of plants is relative and is based on comparison with plants lacking the resistance characters, i.
Exploiting host plant resistance for pest management in. Host plant resistance for insect control in some important crop plants. The compatibility of a specific type of plant resistance with other pest management methods will vary and these variations need to be assessed. Host plant resistance is an economical and environmentfriendly method of insect pest and disease management. An integrated pest management ipm approach that relies on an array of tactics is adopted commonly in response to problems with pesticidebased production in. Host plant resistance hpr is one of the ecofriendly methods of pest management.
Integrated pest management in the commercial ornamental nursery 4 know pest profile of plant, multiple pests may present problem tolerate low level pest populations to sustain beneficials use soaps, oils and biologicals as preventatives to conserve natural beneficials use selective pesticides that are easy on beneficials. Jan 14, 2020 the rice stem borer is a major pest of rice, but also feeds on water oats. Enhancing integrated pest management in gm cotton systems. Learn how host plant resistance and biological control can work together to provide a longterm, integrated approach to managing a new invasive species in. In contrast, there has been much less use of this method for the. Dec 14, 2010 contradictions in host plant resistance to pests. Host plant resistance for cowpea insect pest management volume 8 special issue s. In other words, insectresistant plants alter the relationship an insect pest has with its plant host. The role of hostplant resistance in pest management in. Host plant resistance is often used as a fundamental component of an ipm system because of the generally compatible, complementary role that pest resistant crops play with other tactics. Breeding plants or animals for resistance to insects is really just another form of biological pest control.
Pdf the paper stresses the fact that an integrated pest management system is not a new concept leading to a more stable agroecosystem. Host plant resistance in pest management compatibility with other pest management practices merits and demerits. Apr 26, 2017 learn how host plant resistance and biological control can work together to provide a longterm, integrated approach to managing a new invasive species in kansas sorghum, the sugarcane aphid. The occurrence of all of these factors can be minimised by the use of integrated pest management ipm. An integrated pest management ipm approach that relies on an array of tactics is adopted commonly in response to problems with pesticidebased production in many agricultural systems. Pdf the role of hostplant resistance in pest management in. The most attractive feature of hpr is that farmers virtually do not need any. Leuschner, k and taneja, s l and sharma, h c 1985 the role of host plant resistance in pest management in sorghum in india. Integrated pest management in north dakota agriculture pp863, revised june 2018 download pdf examples of different pest management strategies, such as cultural, host plant resistance, mechanical, biological and chemical are described.
Host plant resistance definition types and mechanisms, ecological and genetic resistance. Host plant resistance to insects in integrated pest. Plant defense against herbivory or host plant resistance hpr describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores. A historical account of plant resistance terminology is presented. Hostplant resistance in pest management compatibility with other pest management practices merits and demerits. I would, however, invite specialists in other areas, such as biological and. Pdf host plant resistance to arthropods in vegetables. The role and use of genetically engineered insectresistant. It protects the crop by making it less suitable or tolerant to the pest. Types and mechanisms of host plant resistance to insect. Efforts are also underway to utilize molecular techniques to increase the levels of resistance to pod borer.
65 1345 182 1184 1449 1382 818 466 1450 602 381 1141 1490 375 960 686 848 96 611 1271 307 1653 1069 1556 1650 1299 707 264 706 1553 1630 1033 1481 757 151 104 148 945 859 695 1466 499 180